What is meant by "hydraulic gradient" in plumbing?

"Hydraulic gradient" refers to the line of hydraulic head in a system where water flows. This concept is important in plumbing as it indicates the potential energy per unit weight of fluid and is crucial for understanding how fluid moves through a system. The hydraulic gradient essentially represents the change in hydraulic head (which includes elevation head and pressure head) over a distance, helping to determine the direction and speed at which water will move in drainage or piping systems.

The hydraulic gradient is a key factor in designing efficient plumbing systems, as it affects how water flows through pipes, connections, and drainage systems. Engineers and plumbers must consider the hydraulic gradient to avoid issues such as insufficient drainage, backflow, or pressure problems, ensuring a safe and effective plumbing operation.